Joint Structure
The equine joint structure consists of the articulating surfaces of large bones covered by articular cartilage, the synovial membrane, the fibrous joint capsule, a cavity containing synovial fluid, and associated ligaments.
The joint capsule is composed of two parts: the fibrous outer layer, and the inner synovial membrane which lines the synovial cavity where articular cartilage is not present. Strong joint ligaments surround and connect the bone ends, providing stability and protection for the joint. The ligaments also contribute to keep flexion and extension of the joint within certain limits.
The
capsule has sensory nerve endings and, in most cases, the pain associated
with joint inflammation arises from the joint capsule. The nutrients required
by the joint tissues are supplied by blood vessels which are in close association
with the synovial membrane.
Synovial
fluid (joint fluid) completely fills the joint cavity. Its functions are
to lubricate the joint surfaces, wash away waste materials, and provide
nutrition to the joint cartilage.
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